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Black Forest Railway (Baden)
The Baden Black Forest Railway (German:''Badische Schwarzwaldbahn'') is a twin-track, electrified railway line in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, running in a NW-SE direction to link Offenburg on the Rhine Valley Railway (''Rheintalbahn'') with Singen on the Upper Rhine Railway (''Hochrheinbahn''). Passing directly across the Black Forest, through spectacular scenery, the route is 150 km long, ascends 650 metres from lowest to highest elevation, and passes through 39 tunnels and over 2 viaducts. It is still the only true mountain railway in Germany to be built with two tracks, and is the most important railway line in the Black Forest. It was built between 1863 and 1873, utilizing plans drawn up by Robert Gerwig.
This line should not be confused with the Württemberg Black Forest Railway (''Schwarzwaldbahn (Württemberg)''), which runs between Stuttgart and Calw in Germany.
== Geographical and economic significance ==
By cutting straight through the Black Forest, the Black Forest Railway shortened the trip between Offenburg and Singen, which had been connected by the Baden Mainline (''Badische Hauptbahn''), from 240 km to 150 km. The route is currently operated by a regular service of Deutsche Bahn ''RegionalExpress'' trains, using double-decker rolling stock, which allow excellent views. The trains continue southwards from Singen on the Upper Rhine Railway to Konstanz and across the Swiss border to Kreuzlingen, and northwards to Karlsruhe along the Rhine Valley Railway. In addition, the line is utilized by a daily ''Intercity'' between Konstanz and Hamburg-Altona.
This route was also economically significant for the small communities in the southern part of the Black Forest. For many localities, which, prior to the advent of train service, were only accessible via horse-drawn carriages, this development was key to their industrialization. From the end of the 19th century, until World War I, the manufacture of clocks in the Black Forest saw its economic heyday, and this industry marks the local economy even today. Not only the residents of towns directly on the line, such as St. Georgen, Hornberg, Villingen-Schwenningen, and Donaueschingen, were beneficiaries of train service, but even Furtwangen or Schramberg, which are not far away, profited. The line is also significant in terms of tourism.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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